Synoptic series of objects in the United States national museum, illustrating the history of inventions / by Walter Hough.

  • Hough, Walter, 1859-1935.
Date:
1922
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Synoptic series of objects in the United States national museum, illustrating the history of inventions / by Walter Hough. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    VOL«. 00. are pointed, chisel-edged, tubular, screw-shaped, or bladed, as in the latest forms. The manual part of the drill is at first a mere adapta¬ tion to the hand of a portion of the tool. This is followed by crude handles, spindle shafts, strap drills, pump drills, and so on, up to the machine drills of our factories. The Eskimos have three styles of apparatus for drilling—the hand drill, the strap drill, and the bow drill. The strap drill, as a rule, requires the services of two men, while the bow drill may be operated by one man, using also the mouthpiece for a pivot at the upper end of the shaft. The driller kneels or sits upon the ground and holds the object to be bored in his left hand. The working end of the shaft pierces this object, while the upper end is pointed and operated in a stone or other hard socket set into the wooden mouthpiece, which is grasped firmly by the teeth. With his right hand he revolves the shaft by means of a bow and cord. No. 1. Cores of flakuble stone, pointed for drilling. The grip may be finished with pitch or wrapping_23,659, 18,302 No. 2. Chipped drills with slender bits and flattened or crutch-shape grip. This flattened portion could be inserted in a “ saw cut. ” at the end of a handle_ 32,526, 13,721, 173,790, 19.500 No. 3. Drill bits of stone and metal, the last named driven into the end of a piece of antler with crutch-shape grip_ 181,655, 89,973 No. 4. Drill bits of copper; useful in boring soft material without sand and hard material with sand. Method of hafting not known_ 147,334, 147,345, 147,309(2) No. 5. Spindle drill. Bit of iron or stone. The shaft is held between the palms of the hands and driven by reciprocating motion or worked on the naked thigh with one hand_ 128,751 No. 6. Strap drill, consisting of spindle and bit, mouthpiece and socket, and driving strap of rawhide, wrapped once about the spindle and driven by the two hands bolding of grips of bear’s teeth at the ends-- 33,654 No. 7. Bow drill. Spindle of wood, bit of iron, bow from seal’s rib, mouthpiece of wood with stone socket. Reciprocating circular motion is produced by the backward and forward motion of the bowstring- 177,734 No. 8. Pump drill. (Model.) Its parts are spindle and stone bit, spindle whorl, horizontal grip pierced by the spindle, and string of buckskin for driv ing. Reciprocating motion is given by the vertical movement of the grip_ 134,168 No. 9. Finland auger, consisting of bit inserted in the end of (lie stock; handle fitted in a mortise through the stock; socket of wood to lit against the breast, bolted to the upper end of stock- 167,785 No. 10. Drill bits made from hardened steel, for boring steel and iron. No. 11. Steel bits for boring in wood and similar materials. In China and Japan such bits were worked in straight handles. No. 12. Steel center bit with gauge to regulate the size of the hole. No. 13. Common brace and center bit for boring. These braces have fixed con¬ nective joints, and bits all have the same size butt. No. 14. Brace with adjustable connective to fit the top of the bit. No. 15. Mechanical drill. Spindle a screw with long thread, pivoted in a fixed handle above, moved by a nut of wood forced up and down the spindle.