Trypanosomes and trypanosomiasis / by A. Laveran and F. Mesnil. : Translated and much enlarged by David Nabarro.

  • Laveran, Alphonse, 1849-1922.
Date:
1907
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Licence: In copyright

Credit: Trypanosomes and trypanosomiasis / by A. Laveran and F. Mesnil. : Translated and much enlarged by David Nabarro. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service. The original may be consulted at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service.

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    Trypanosoma; (2) Cercomonadinc^, v^ith the genus Herpdomonas Kent amended Doflein (excluding the parasite of blood of rats) ; and (3) Bodonidce. [Minchini divides the Flagellata into {a) Choanoflagellata (with one tlagellum and one or two collars at its base) and (6) Lissoflagellata (flagellum single or multiple, no collar, and sometimes an undulatmg membrane). The Lissoflagellata comprise three orders : (i) Monadtdea, (2) Euglenoidina, and (3) Phytoflagellata. All forms of parasitic Flagellata hitherto known are referred to the first of these orders, the Monadidea. Minchin gives three sub-orders of this order—namely, (I) Pantastomina, (2) Protomastigina, and (3) Polymastigina. The sub-order Protomastigina is the most important from our point of view, including as it does (i) the genus Trypanosoma and its allies {Trypanoplasma, and perhaps Trypanophis), grouped together as the family Trypanosomatidce; (2) the genus Spirochceta and allied forms; and (3 and 4) the genera Herpetomonas and Crithidia.] Leger, in his publications of 1902 and 1903,^ in which he gives precise cytological details concerning Herpetomonas and creates a new genus, Crithidia (body pyriform or like a barleycorn, instead of fusiform, as in Herpetomonas), also draws attention to the close connec- tion between these genera and the genus Trypanosoma, based no longer upon a simple external resemblance, but upon a resemblance in the cytological details. Moreover, as he has found some of these forms in the intestine of blood-sucking insects, he has suggested that they were perhaps stages in an evolutionary cycle in the life-history of the Trypanosoma. [During the past few years flagellates of the genera Herpetomonas and Crithidia have been described by various observers in several other invertebrates.] [In 1898 Ross3 found ' amcebulee and flagellulae ' in mosquitoes (Culex fatigans, and once in Anophelina) in India. Their habitat was chiefly the intestinal canal of the larva, pupa, and imago, and Ross states that many of them resembled trypanosomes. Since then the same or a similar organism has been seen in Anophelina by Chatterjee, Stephens and Christophers, and by Leger, who has given it the name Crithidia fasciculata.'\ [The Sergents'* describe a new flagellate, which they call Herpetomonas algeriense, from the intestine of many Culex pipiens, and one Stcgomyia fasciata reared from larvae in their laboratory. Two forms were seen— elongated motile forms and spherical motionless forms—but they both differed from Crithidia fasciculata in having the centrosome posterior to the nucleus. The Sergents also found in the digestive tube of a larva of Anopheles maculipennis a flagellate closely resembling Herpetomonas jactdum Leger.] ' [Minchin, article on the 'Parasitic Protozoa,' in Allbutt and Rolleston's 'System of Medicine,' v. 2, part 2, 1907. I am indebted to Professor Minchin for allowing me to see the proof-sheets of this article before publication.] ^ - Leger, C. h'. Acad. Sciences, March, 1902; C. R. Soc. Biol., April, 1902; ^j-irc/i.f. Protistenkunde, v. 2, 1903. ■' [R. Ross, /ourn. Hyg., v. 6, 1906, pp. ioi-io8.] ' [Ed. and Et. Sergent, C. R. Soc. Rial., v. 60, 1906, pp. 291-293.]