Encyclopaedia Americana: a popular dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, history, politics and biography, brought down to the present time : including a copious collection of original articles in American biography : on the basis of the seventh edition of the German Conversations-Lexicon (Volume 5).

Date:
1830-33
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Encyclopaedia Americana: a popular dictionary of arts, sciences, literature, history, politics and biography, brought down to the present time : including a copious collection of original articles in American biography : on the basis of the seventh edition of the German Conversations-Lexicon (Volume 5). Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

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    FRANCE. VI, died 1422; Charles VII, died 1461; Louis XI, died 1483; Charles VIII, died 1497:—3. branch of Orleans : Louis XII, died 1515; Francis I, died 1547; Henry II, died 1559; Francis II, died 1560; Charles IX, died 1574; Henry III, died 1589:—4. branch of Bourbon: Henry IV, died 1610; Louis XIH, died 1643; Louis XIV, died 1715; Louis XV, died 1774; Louis XVI, died 1793; (Louis XVII died 1795) ..—[French republic, from 1792 to 1804 :—Napoleon (Bonaparte), emperor of the French, from 1804 to 1814]:—Bour- bons restored by foreign arms: Louis XVIII, from 1814, died 1824; Charles, to 1830, when he was dethroned:—5. new houjie of Orleans: Louis Philip I, with the title king of the French {roi-citoyen). Of the dethroned Bourbon family, there are living the ex-king, Cliarles X; his son Louis Antoine, duke of Angouleme (late dauphin), born Aug. 6, 1775, married his cousin, Marie Therese, daughter of Louis XVI. The second son of Charles X, duke of Berry, bom Jan. 24, 1778, married to Caroline, princess of Naples (born Nov. 5, 1798), was assassinated by Louvel, Feb. 14, 1820. His children are Marie Louise (mile. d'Artois, born Sept. 21, 1819), and Henry (Charles Ferdinand Marie Dieu- donn^), duke of Bordeaux, born Sept. 29, 1820, after the death of liis fadicr, late heir-presumptive. Charles and the dau- phin abdicated in his favor, calling him king Henry V. The royal arms of France are the arms of tlie house of Orleans. The royal family continues to bear the names and arms of Orleans, and the duke of Chartres, eldest son of the king, takes that title. The members of the present royal family are, Louis Piiilip, king, mar- ried to Marie Amalia, princess of Naples, born April 26, 1782. Their children are, 1. Ferdinand (Philip Louis Charles Henry), late duke of Chartres, now duke of Or- leans, born Sept. 3, 1810; 2. Louise Marie (Therese Charlotte Isabelle), mad. d'Or- leans, born April 3, 1812 ; 3. Marie Chris- tine (Caroline Adelaide Francisca Leopol- dina), mad. de Valois, bom April 12,1813; 4. Louis (Charies Philip Rafael), duke of Nemours, probably now of Chartres, born Oct. 25, 1814; 5. Marie Clementine (Car- oline Leopoldina Clotilde), mad. de Beau- jolais, horn June 3,1817 ; 6. Francis (Fer- dintmd Philip Louis), prince of Joinville, born Aug. 14,1818; 7. Henry (Eugene Phil- ip Louis), duke of Aumale, born Jan. 16, 1822; 8. Antoine (Marie Philip Louis), duke of Montpensier, bom July 31, 1824. The sister of the king is Eugenie (Ad- elaide Louise), mad. de Orleans, born Aug. 23,1777.—France is a limited mon- archy, hereditary in the eldest male hne. If the late changes become permanent parts of the system, it will be the most limited monarchy in Europe. The char- ter (see Charte Constitutionnelle) has under- gone several important alterations. The principal are, that the Roman Catholic religion has ceased to be the religion of the state ; the 14th article, which the Polignac ministry cited in their late attempt to over- throw the constitution, lias been changed, so as to stand as follows,— The king is the supreme head of the state; he com- mands the land and sea forces, declares war, makes treaties of peace, alliance and commerce; appoints to all offices of the public administration, and makes all the regulations and ordinances necessary for the execution of the laws, under the re- sponsible advice of his ministers; any of the three branches of the legislature can propose laws ; the chamber of peers may sit without that of the deputies only as a court of justice; peers may speak in the house at the age of 25 yeare; princes of the blood may sit in the house of peers without a special summons from the king; the deliberations of the peers are public ; the renewal of one fifth of the deputies every year is abolished ; persons are eli- gible as deputies at the age of 25 years; the deputies elect their president without the concurrence of the king; and the electors choose the officers of the electoral colleges without the interference of the king (see Elections) ; articles 46 and 47 of the old charter, respecting amendments, and the adoption of the tax acts by the deputies, previously to being sent to the peers, are repealed, as is also article 56, exemj)ting the ministers from impeach- ment, except for treason or extortion ; the prevotal courts are abolished ; the king takes the constitutional oath, not at the time of the coronation, but on his acces- sion, as in England. Besides this, pro- vision is to be made, by separate laws, for, 1. the trial of offences of the press by a jury ; 2. the responsibility of ministers and other agents of power ; 3. for the reelec- tion of deputies promoted to offices with salaries; 4. the annual vote of supplies for the army; 5. the organization of the na- tional guard ; 6. the settling the rank of all naval and militjuy officers; 7. depart- mental and municipal governments, found- ed on the elective system ; 8. public in- struction provided for; liberty of teaching allowed to all; 9. the abolition of the double vote, aitd of the electoral candi- dates and their (Eligibility. The charter is